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Manufacture of Glass: Step by Step Process

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The Fours Steps for Manufacturing of Glass 1. Collection of raw materials The raw materials such as silica (in the form of sand or quartz SiO2), soda ash (Na3CO3), limestone (CaCO3), and cullet (broken glass) are collected separately and mixed in a proper proportion. The fusion of cullet (broken glass) is added to bring down the melting point of the charge. 2. Preparation of Batch The raw materials, cullet, and decolourisers are finely powdered in grinding machines. These materials are accurately weighed in correct proportions before they are mixed. The mixing of these materials is carried out in mixing machines until a uniform mixture is obtained. Such a uniform mixture is known as batch or frit . It is taken for further process of melting in a furnace. 3. Melting or heating of the charge The glass batch is melted either in a pot furnace or in a tank furnace. It is made of fireclay or platinum. The heating is continued until the evolution of carbon dioxide, oxygen, sulfur diox
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8 Types of Glass and their Properties and Applications

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Glasses are ceramic materials that are rigid like solids but which are not crystalline. Glass is also known as a supercooled liquid of infinitely high viscosity. The glass comes in the category of amorphous solid which is brittle and transparent. They are obtained by fusing a mixture of several metallic silicates or borates of sodium, potassium, calcium, and lead. Composition of Glass Glass is not a single compound. So, it does not have a fixed chemical formula but its general chemical formula is given below: xR2O.yMO.6SiO2 R = Alkali metal (Na, K, etc) M = Bivalent metal (Ca, Pb, etc) x and y = Number of molecules Properties of Glass 1. Glass is an amorphous solid that is its constituent particles are not arranged in any regular fashion. 2. Glass is brittle that is it can easily crack by applying little external force. 3. Glass may be transparent or translucent depending upon the compounds used in its manufacturing. 4. Glass melt over a range of temperature. 5. Glass is isotropic.
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How to tamper data of a website using Burp Suite

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Burp Suite is a tool developed by Portswigger, which is used for penetration testing of web applications. We can perform lots of tasks using burp suite like modification, brute force attack, crawling, etc. It is generally used by security researchers to check possible vulnerability in a website. In this post we will show you how to tamper data of a website using Burp Suite. Tamper data of a website using Burp Suite in just 15 steps! Step 1: Open Burp Suite Community edition in your computer. Step 2: A dashboard will open like this, Go to "Proxy" option present at third number. Step 3: After opening Proxy Tab, click on "interception" button to turn it on. Step 4: Now go to your browser (here Mozilla Firefox) then go to proxy setting to change “Manual Proxy configuration” from “User system Proxy setting” .  It’s very important to set proxy at same IP and Port as that of Burp Suite, only then Burp Suite will be able to intercept packets. Moreover, Burp Suite will
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