Sciencedoze: Science, Education and Technology

What is Ballistics? Ballistics is a branch of science that deals with the propulsion, flight, and impact of projectiles on the target. The term "Ballistics" finds its roots in the Greek word "Ballein," signifying "to throw" or "to project." It is Colonel Godard who first coined forensic ballistics. He used the systematic study of firearms and ammunition for investigation and justice. Types of Ballistics Ballistics is divided into three major types: 1. Internal Ballistics Internal Ballistics is the branch of ballistics that deals with the study of the projectile inside the barrel of the firearm that is from when the firing pin hits the primer to the time the bullet exists the barrel from the muzzle end of the firearm. It is also known as Initial or Interior Ballistics. Internal ballistics helps in linking the projectile with the firearm by studying scratch marks on the projectile, velocity of the projectile, defects in the barrel, Erratic

What is Total Quality Management? Total Quality Management (TQM) is a process of continuous effort by the management as well as employees of the company to improve processes, products, and services for customer satisfaction.  By fostering a collective commitment among employees to enhance work culture, processes, services, systems, and more, it paves the way for sustained success in the long run. Phases of  Total Quality Management (TQM) Total Quality Management (TQM) is divided into four phases that are Plan, Do, Check, and Act. It is also called PDCA Cycle. 1. Planning Phase It is the first and most crucial phase in Total Quality Management (TQM). In this phase, employees come up with their problems and queries which need to be addressed. A proper plan or road map is prepared to find the solution to all the queries and problems. 2. Doing Phase In this phase, employees develop a detailed solution to the problems that they identified in the Planning Phase. Different strategies are

1. Energy Considerations A projectile that needs to be put in motion needs energy. Whether it is throwing stones into the atmosphere or flying arrows. In both examples, human (mechanical) energy is involved. But, in the case of a firearm, to put a projectile (bullet) into motion, chemical energy is used which comes from the burning of propellants. 2. Propellents Gunpowder is the most commonly used propellant in modern firearms. Propellents have unique characteristics in that they burn rapidly releasing large volumes of gases at high temperatures. These gases produce high pressure which put the projectile into motion. It is noted that only a little portion of this energy gets converted into kinetic energy of the projectile, the rest energy is wasted and dissipated as a muzzle blast. 3. Initiation Upon squeezing the trigger, the firing pin impacts the primer, initiating the ignition process. The primer then compressed and explodes that provides a frame that ignites the propellents. If

What is Animal Cell?  The animal cell is a type of eukaryotic cell having a nucleus at the center that contains the DNA and the cell is covered with a selective membrane called cell or plasma membrane that only allows the passage of some specific materials. A cell carries out all the processes of the body which include producing energy and storing it, making proteins which are molecules that have roles in metabolism, transportation of other molecules, and DNA replication. Different organelles of Animal cell and their function 1. Cell/plasma membrane A cell membrane is a semipermeable selectively permeable membrane that regulates the entry and exit of nutrients, food, and other entities of the cell. It allows only specific material to pass through it. The cell membrane also separates the organelles of the cell from the outside medium. Thus, protecting the cell from its surroundings. 2. Nucleus The nucleus is present at the center of the cell occupying nearly 10% of the space. A nuc

Following are the importance of wildlife species in an ecosystem: 1. Maintains ecological balance in the ecosystem Various wildlife species play a vital role in preserving the ecological balance in nature. The elimination of carnivores disrupts this balance, resulting in an upsurge of herbivores, subsequently impacting the vegetation within the forest. Thus, in search of food, they come out from the forest to agricultural land and destroy our crops. 2. They provide us with resources Different wildlife species like wild plant gives us important resources like food, medicines, timber, fibers, etc, and are of high economic importance. Whereas, wild animals provide us with meat, leather, hiney, silk, etc which are used by humans. 3. Aids in scientific research Some wildlife species like mikey and chimpanzees are used for scientific experiments such as to test the effect of medicine. Also, animals like rats are first used to do experiments and tests before trying them on humans. 4. They

(A) Death due to Electricity When an electric current passed through a human body, it produces localized muscular spasms, tiny marks, and even death with little or no apparent burns. Factors affecting injuries by electric current 1. Kind of current Alternating current (AC) is around 5 times more risky than direct current (DC). AC causes tetany stimulation and doesn't let the person lose the grip of the electric source until the power gets off whereas DC tends to cause single muscle contraction, throwing the victim and resulting in blunt injuries. 2. Amount of Current The flow of current is directly proportional to the voltage applied to it (V=IR). Electrocution is rare at less than 100 V and most death occur at greater than 200 V. 3. Path of Current Death is more likely to occur if the brainstem or heart is in the direct path of the current. 4. Duration of current flow The severity of injuries is directly proportional to the duration of the current flow. For an electric shock

1. Softwood Softwood is obtained from coniferous trees. These tees are also known as evergreen tees as leaves do not fall till the new one grows. Softwood is commonly found in regions characterized by a cold climate. They are more sustainable and less expensive than hardwood. Types of Softwood Different types of softwoods are given below: (i) Pinewood Pinewood is a soft, white, or light yellow wood that is light in weight and straight-grained. It resists shrinkage, swelling, and warping. Pine wood is highly malleable and receptive to staining. However, it is prone to decay when exposed to soil. Pine trees are prevalent in various parts of the northern hemisphere, including the western Himalayas, Assam, and Nagpur regions of India. (ii) Cedar Wood Cedar wood, a knotty softwood, exhibits a red-brown color with light lines. Compared to other softwoods, cedar is relatively soft. It possesses a uniform wood texture and offers high resistance to decay and insects. They are aromatic and f